The Elder Futhark is the oldest known runic alphabet, used by Germanic peoples from approximately 150–800 CE. Its name derives from the first six runes (F-U-TH-A-R-K). The script was primarily used for inscriptions on stones, wood, metal, and other objects, often carrying symbolic, magical, or practical meanings.
Ogham (pronounced OH-am) is an early medieval alphabet used primarily to write the early Irish language. It dates back to around the 4th–6th centuries CE and is often associated with the Celtic Druids and their connection to nature.
The Ogham alphabet consists of 20 primary characters, known as feda (letters), and sometimes additional forfeda (extra letters).
Each character is represented by straight lines and notches carved along a central stemline, often on stone monuments, wood, or bone.
The Hávamál (Old Norse for “Sayings of the High One”) is a collection of wisdom verses attributed to Odin, the chief god in Norse mythology. It is part of the Poetic Edda, a key source of Norse mythology and culture, and offers guidance on living well, interacting with others, and navigating life’s challenges.
Hávamál Quote