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The following content includes graphic descriptions of violence and sexual assault that may be distressing to some viewers. Please proceed with caution.
FAQ
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What is the primary objective of this project?
The main goal of this project is to provide education about the history of the indigenous peoples of Europe without leaning on “race realist” or progressivist narratives. The tribal societies of Europe, as presented here, were multifaceted and advanced. The Roman conquest was not inevitable. As an example, Caesar depended on Germanic mercenaries to overcome Vercingetorix. Without this support, Caesar might well have faced defeat at Alesia.
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Is this list exhaustive?
This list is not comprehensive and might never be due to the vast scope of the project and the historical events that remain unknown. However, it will undergo periodic revisions and updates as more information becomes available.
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Does this project comment on the status of modern white populations?
No. This project should not be seen as an attempt to depict modern white populations, or those who identify as descendants of Celtic or Germanic peoples, as oppressed today. In historical terms, modern whites share more parallels with the societal position of Roman citizens than with the tribal communities of Europe.
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How can I interact with the map?
Our map showcases a territorial depiction of Europe, segmented by distinct people groups. This offers you a visual representation of the various tribes and their geographical domains. For a deeper dive into specific events, you can click on the pins placed throughout the map. Clicking these will expand a sidebar detailing the selected event’s context, significance, and related information.
While the map is best experienced in full-screen mode for an immersive view, we understand that might not always be feasible or preferred. Thus, if you encounter technological issues or simply prefer a linear narrative, we’ve provided a timeline below the map, listing all the events in text format.
Timeline
The Battle of Sentinum (295 BC):
The Battle of Clastidium (222 BC)
The Battle of Lake Trasimene (217 BC):
The Battle of Agen (107 BC):
The Battle of Tolosa (105 BC):
The Battle of Aquileia (101 BC):
The Roman Conquest of Dacia (101-106 AD):
The Battle of Vosges (58 BC)
The Battle of Bibracte (58 BC):
The Battle of Alesia (52 BC):
The Battle of Watling Street (60-61 AD)
The Rebellion of Vindex (68 AD):
The Battle of Vindonissa (69 AD):
The Revolt of Civilis (69-70 AD):
The Battle of Mons Seleucus (74 AD):
The Battle of Mons Graupius (83 AD):
The Revolt of the Bagaudae (3rd century AD):
The Battle of Mediolanum (259 AD):
As the Roman Republic expanded its territories northward, it clashed with the Celtic tribes inhabiting the region of present-day Northern Italy. At the Battle of Telamon, a coalition of Celtic tribes, including the Boii, Taurisci, and Gaesatae, sought to repel the Roman invaders. The Celts suffered a devastating defeat. Polybius estimates that up to 40,000 Celtic warriors were slain and another 10,000 were taken prisoner. This victory bolstered Roman dominance in the region and paved the way for further territorial acquisitions.
Over the following years, the Celtic tribes of northern Italy faced more Roman campaigns. The Boii, for instance, continued to resist Roman encroachments but faced further defeats in 224 BC and 200 BC, leading to significant loss of territory and influence. The relentless Roman campaigns resulted in the eventual absorption, and Romanization of the Boii, Insubres, and other Celtic tribes of the region.
Histories. Polybius. Book 2. Evelyn S. Shuckburgh. translator. London, New York. Macmillan. 1889. Reprint Bloomington 1962.
In 134 BC the Romans attacked the Celtiberian city of Numantia. The siege of the city is thought to have taken 8-16 months. When supplies ran low the Celtiberians offered to surrender the city for their freedom however the Roman consul Scipio refused this offer.
The inhabitants of Numantia began to starve and rather than turn themselves over to the Romans many committed suicide. They also opted to set the city on fire rather than see it in Roman hands.
When the Romans eventually breached the walls. They slaughtered and enslaved the men, women, and children that had survived until that point. According to Appian, this consisted of a couple hundred people in total of the 8,000 who had lived in the city. Archaeological evidence suggests that the population of the city consisted of a few thousand to tens of thousands of people.
Prior to the attack Rhetogenes, a warrior from Numantia broke the Roman blockade and attempted to gather support from other tribes. One such tribe was receptive however the elders of the tribe warned that Scipio had been gathering Celtiberian youths and arresting them. They warned that Scipio had already captured and cut that hands off 400 youths.
Appian, Wars in Spain
Horace White. New York. THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. 1899.
Desiring richer and more fertile lands within the Celtic heartland and potentially driven by pressures from Germanic tribes to the east, the Helvetii, a Celtic tribe from what is now Switzerland, along with several allied tribes, attempted to migrate to western Gaul, a region also inhabited by Celts.
Julius Caesar, in his “Commentarii de Bello Gallico”, recorded that the migrating assembly comprised 368,000 individuals, with 92,000 of them being warriors. Their journey, aimed at settling within the broader Celtic domain, inadvertently intersected with Roman territories and Rome’s expansionist ambitions. This led to a confrontation with Caesar’s legions at the Battle of Bibracte, from which the Romans emerged victorious.
After their defeat, Caesar claimed that he forced only 130,000 survivors of the Helvetii on a compelled march back to their homeland, under the watchful oversight of Roman legions. suggesting vast casualties either from the battle itself or from death, disease, and famine during the return migration. Caesar also noted he suffered roughly 400 Roman legionary deaths, with an additional number (unspecified by Caesar) from the auxiliaries.
It’s important to note that many modern historians view Caesar’s exact figures in regards to this conflict with skepticism. The amount of warriors is likely exaggerated for propaganda purposes.
C. Julius Caesar, Gallic War Book I, Chapters 1-32. Translator. W. A. McDevitte. Translator. W. S. Bohn. 1st Edition. New York. Harper & Brothers. 1869. Harper’s New Classical Library.
In the winter of 52 BC, Caesar’s forces laid siege to Avaricum. Prior to this, Caesar faced challenges in supplying his troops due to the scorched earth and guerrilla tactics employed by Vercingetorix. While Vercingetorix had recommended that Avaricum be abandoned and razed to prevent its capture, local leaders opposed this suggestion, believing the city could resist a Roman siege.
However, when Avaricum eventually fell into Roman hands they massacred its inhabitants. Caesar’s own account states of the 40,000 residents, only about 800 escaped.
C. Julius Caesar. Caesar’s Gallic War. 7.28. Translator. W. A. McDevitte. Translator. W. S. Bohn. 1st Edition. New York. Harper & Brothers. 1869. Harper’s New Classical Library.
In the waning stages of the Gallic Wars, a group of Gaulish rebels made a last-ditch effort to resist Roman subjugation by fortifying themselves in the hill fort of Uxellodunum.
To cripple the resistance, Caesar targeted the fort’s water supply by diverting the springs feeding into the hill. This siege tactic not only affected the defending warriors but also had devastating consequences for the civilian inhabitants, leading to severe dehydration and making a prolonged defense untenable.
Upon capturing Uxellodunum, Caesar sought to set a stern example to deter further resistance against Roman rule. Instead of executing the defenders or selling them into slavery, he ordered a severe punishment: the hands of all the combatants were cut off and they were banished from the area. This gruesome penalty ensured they lived the remainder of their lives as a symbol to the price of opposing Rome.
Julius Caesar. Caesar’s Gallic War. Book 8. Chapters 30-44. Translator. W. A. McDevitte. Translator. W. S. Bohn. 1st Edition. New York. Harper & Brothers. 1869. Harper’s New Classical Library.
In 60 AD, Roman forces under the command of Suetonius Paulinus invaded the Isle of Anglesey, known to the Romans as Mona Isle, a sanctuary for the sacred Druid grove and a refuge for those resisting Roman rule. As the Romans approached, the Druids and their supporters stood defiantly, with the Druids raising their arms in fervent prayer and casting curses upon the invaders. After a brief pause, the Romans retaliated, killing many of the Druids, so of whom were burned alive.
The Romans then desecrated the sacred grove by setting it ablaze and established a garrison on the island to subdue both the local population and those who had sought sanctuary from Roman aggression.
Complete Works of Tacitus. Ann. 14.29 Alfred John Church. William Jackson Brodribb. Sara Bryant. edited for Perseus. New York. : Random House, Inc. Random House, Inc. reprinted 1942.
Note on Druids:
The Druids were not merely religious figures in ancient Celtic societies. They were an integral and multifaceted pillar of their communities. Apart from their spiritual duties, Druids acted as arbiters in disputes, lore-keepers of cultural traditions and histories, advisors to chieftains, and even medical practitioners. The systematic eradication of Druids by the Romans was not just an attack on a religious institution; it was an assault on the backbone of Celtic communities
The Iceni tribe, under King Prasutagus, maintained a relatively peaceful coexistence with the Romans. However, after Prasutagus’s death, Rome’s annexation of Iceni territory directly violated the King’s will, which sought to shield his land and family.
The Roman officials flogged the Iceni Queen Boudicca and raped her daughters. This profound injustice, coupled with burdensome Roman taxation and the pressure of debt, fanned the flames of discontent among the Britons.
Boudicca led a fierce revolt against Roman rule. After initial successes, Boudicca’s revolt was brutally crushed. The repercussions were severe the Romans subjected the Britons to harsh penalties, further territorial annexations, and increased cultural assimilation efforts to quell any remnants of resistance.
Complete Works of Tacitus. Tacitus. Alfred John Church. William Jackson Brodribb. Sara Bryant. edited for Perseus. New York. : Random House, Inc. Random House, Inc. reprinted 1942.